Mechanical motion



June I R. PASH 2,378,033

' MECHANICAL MOTION Filed Dec. 22, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Flaw INVENTOP' l?.. P SH ATTO I -J une l2, 1945. R PA H- 2 2,378,033

MECHANICAL MOTION Filed Dec. 22, 1942 '2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR P. PAS/l Patented June 12, 1945 Electric Company, Incorporated, New York, N. Y.. a corporation of New York Application December 22, 1942, Serial No. 469,795

2 Claims.

This invention relates to amechanical motion, and more particularly to a mechanical linkage for converting rotary motion into rectiplanar motion, that is to use rotary motion only to confine a point or" member to be free to move only in one fiat plane, or to confine a line or member to be free to move only so that italways remains parallel to itself.

There are many instances in various arts in which it is desirably useful to have a member with two degrees of freedom of motion but so constrained that any given point of the member is confined to move in a plane perpendicular to a' specific axis or direction. Any linear element of the member in question which is parallel to the specific axis or direction, will then always remain parallel to itself, although it may have two degrees of freedom perpendicularly to I itself.:

Many linkages and devices have been devised to effect such a combination of constraint and freedom of motion; but in most instances these depend in one way or another upon'a pre-existing' or pre-created rectiplanar surface as a guide'for" the motion, 1. e., upon the flatness of some slide face or pivot face. It is diflicult to -keep such guide members clean in use; and it takes but little wear to render them faultily inaccurate. Furthermore, apart from the guide surface, such arrangements are usually two-dimensioned in structure and lack rigidity transversely to the plane of freedom of motion provided by the arrangement.

An object of the present invention is to pro-'- vide, in a device employing a member confined to rectiplanar motion, a linkage to convert biaxial rotary motion into rectiplanar motion, which linkage is inherently rigid transversely to the plane of the motion and is not dependent upon any rectilinear or rectiplanar guide member-for its operation.

With the above and other objects in view, th invention may be embodied in a device comprising a two-dimensionally extended rigid primary several embodiments thereof taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which the same. reference numerals are applied to identical parts in the several figures, and in which Fig. 1 is' a perspective view of a device, embodying the invention, for orienting slices of. quartz on 'a carrier bed for subsequent presentation to a saw;

Fig.2 is a broken view thereof in front eleva tion;

Fig. 3is a partial end view thereof;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the oriented crystal on the bed as presented to a saw Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a device, em

bodying the invention, and particularly adapted to the making of a diffraction spectrum grating;

and

Fig. 6 is'a diagrammatic perspective view ofa I drafting device embodying the invention.

As disclosed in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and'4, the invention is disclosed in adevice primarily adapted for. orienting a slab of material on a supportin member in a particular position relatively thereto.- In various electrical appaigatus employing highfrequency currents and potentials, e. g., in telephone and radio apparatus, use is made .of

slices or plates of crystalline quartz, cutprefer ably from a single crystal in such fashion that the plane of the saw used for the cutting shall be oriented in a" specific, accurately predeter-- mined relationto the optical axis and to one of" the three electrical'axes of the crystal. To this.

end, the optical axis may be first determined by means not relevant here and a slab 20 cut from; the crystalwith the face 2l accurately perpen-" dicular to'the optical'axis and the face 22 roughly parallel to the face 2|. I

The three electrical axes of a quartz crystal are all perpendicular to the optical axis, i. e., are parallel to the plane 2|, and are one hundred and twenty degrees from each other. Again by means not relevant here, the direction of one of thesethree electrical axes is discovered and the trace 23 of a plane containing this axis and parallel tothe optical axis is marked on the face 22 of the slab 20, e. g., by'a pencil line.

The next-problem, and the one with which this particular embodiment of the invention is concerned, is to so orient theslab 20 on a. suitable holder that, when theholder is' placed in the sawing apparatus to which it appertains, the slab 20 will'be presented to the saw 24' with the plane 2] and the'direction 23- at accurately predetermined angular relations to the plane of the saw. The slab 'holdengenerally indicated at 25, com-j prises a flat, rigid'base 26, preferably of metal having a plane upper surface to which is rigidly cemented a faceplate 21, preferably of glass,

ceramic substance; or the like having an ac-' mately parallel to the face 2| and hence to the" surface of the plate 21, the edge 80 may be brought until the line 23 and the edge 60 substantially coincide. The crystal-slab is then in the desired orientation on the slab holder and the cement is'hardened. The slab holder may then be removed from the device of Figs. 1, 29nd 3 and placed on the support 28 of Fig. 4 to be properly presented to the saw 24 in the desired" relation thereto.

Because of the two degrees of freedom of motion of the edge 50, thedevice of Fig. 1 will be accurately operative with a considerable range of thickness of crystal'slabs 20. The one illustrated is near the upper limit of thickness which can be accommodated in the device "shown. But any thickness from this down to the least usable value canbedealt with. w

Should the upper surface 22 be considerably out of parallel with the surface 2| of the crystal, the whole linkage may be rocked about the axis of the shaft by loosening the jamscrew 6| which holds this shaft adjustably stationary in the base 30. No matter how much orlittle'this rocking may be, the edge is always perpendicular to the direction of the axis of the shaft The general structure of th'e device of Fig. 5 isthe same as that of Figs. 1 and 2 and-will'not be describedin detail here. The figure is wholly diagrammatic; minor refinements have been omitted in .order to showthe principles clearly. A cushion block I2! is rigidly cemented on the body 26 and on this is rigidlycemented a glass or'crystal plate I20 upon which is to be scribed a Rowland grating such as is'used in diffraction spectroscopes; v I I l 1 s The problem here is to'scrat'ch or cut on the accurately plane upper surface of. the plate I20 a series of accurately mutually parallel lines 18 so that the distance between any two;neighboring 1 lines of the series shall be accurately constant.

. in the carriage to overhang and extend below the edge I60 when in placer A diamond scribing point I '82 is mounted in the bottom end of the pin 8 I.

45 and to the direction of the guideway 29. Thus the pencil mark 23 need only be on an approximately flat portion of the upper surface of the crystal slab, which portion may be tilted with respect to the face 2| by any amount within a.

large'range and in any'direction, and the device is still usable to orient the slab accurately on the slab holder. v

This convenient and wide range ofusefulness of the device depends primarily upon the dynamic geometry of the linkage connecting the edge 60 to the axis of the shaft 52. Reduced to its essential elements this linkage comprises a two-dimensionally extended rigid primary member or link (53, 54, 5 5) freely rotatable on a fixed axis (52),

anda two-dimensionally extended rigid second'- ary member or link (51) mounted on the primary member or link to be freely rotatable with respect thereto on an axis (56) parallel to the fixed axis (52) and spaced therefrom. For the purposes of this application, the phrase folding door linkage will be defined to mean such a linkage. The primary axis is the fixed axis on which the primary member or linkturns and the secondary axis is the axis fixed in the primary member or link but movable therewith on which the secondaary member or link turns with respect to the primary member or link.

In Fig. 5, there is shown an embodiment of the invention in which a device substantiallylike that of Figs. 1 and 2.is modified to adapt it to another purpose.

' the usefulness resides in the fact that any. fixed The pin 8! having beeniremoved and the plate I20 having been cemented in place, the screw BI is loosened and the member .50 rotated until the edge! can make contact ,on-the top face of the plate 120 over. the entire length of the latter. The screw BI is tightened;,and the pin 8| is replaced. The carriage 'IS-ds moved by the screw ,80 until the scribing point 82 .can be brought to the position of the firstline-l8 .to be scribed and the point 82 allowed to rest on the plate I 20. The

P point 82 is drawn across the plate. conveniently perhaps by means of a lever 83 rigidly connected to the link 53. The link I51 islifted, the carriage moved the prescribed distance; and the second line of. the series of lines 18 scribed. Thus the successive lines of the grating are scribed and are accurately parallel to each other since each line must lie in a plane perpendicular to the axis of v the shaft 52.

In Fig. 6 there ispresented a fourth embodimerit of the invention in whichagain use is made both of the fact that the outer edge of the sec-v ondary link of a folding door linkag'e remains always parallel to itself and of the fact that any point of or any point attached to the secondary link is confined to a fixed plane perpendicular to a the fixed axis of the primary link and has two Where the usefulness of the device of Figs. 1 and 2 rests in the fact that the point of or attached to the secondary link is confined in its doubly free motion to a fixed plane perpendicular to the fixed axis of the primary link, as well as in the fact that the outer edge of the secondary link is always parallel to itself.

degrees of freedom of motion'within that plane.

In this arrangement, a preferably circular collar 81 is fastened on the column with the plane of the annular top face ofthe collar perpendicular to the column and parallel to the top of the board. On the collar 81 rests a rotatable collar 88 having diametrically opposite horizontally outstanding arms 89, 89 integral therewith. Vertical links 90, 90 are pivotable on the outer ends of the arms I 89, 89 about a common axis perpendicular to the axis of the column 85. The two links 98, 98 are rigidly connected at their upper endsby a shaft 9| rigidly secured to each link. The shaft 9| lies above the top surface of the board 84 and is made to be accurately parallel to the axis on which the links 90, 90 pivot on the arms 89, 89. Hence the shaft BI is also parallel to the top surface of the board 84. na matter newline collar 8.8 may be rotated. on the column 85. and: collar H; and no matter how the links 911;. SO ma-y' be: tilted on the arms:89, 89, theconnections between thezmembers- 90, 91 and 9B: and these members: themselvesb'eingmade suificiently rigid to prevent any'distortion of the primary foldingdoor linkage formed by them.

The secondary link is a skeleton plate-92'. journalled on the shaft 9| to be rotatable butnot slida. able thereon. The extreme end of this link or plate 92' is formed asa draiting'straightedge 260' parallel to the axis of the shaft 91. This edge 260 maythen be moved at will to and fro across the drafting surface, forwardly"andbackwardly, always remaining accurately-parallel to itself. If it bedesired to alterthe orientation of the edge 260 on the board, the collar 88- is released from the locking toggle 93 by lifting the weight 94' and turning the collar 88 on the collar 81: untilthe desired position is reached. Releasing the weight 94 then locks the primary link 90, 9t, 90 and the edge 2.60mtheir newangularly adjusted positions.

If 'a slot 95 be-madeinthe upper face of the link 92 near and parallel to the edge 260 and a carriage 95 be arranged to-slide in the slot and have an arm with a hole 9? thereinoverhanging the edge 260, then a pencil point or the like held in the hole-will trace a lineaccurately-at right angles to the edge'260-, thus obviating th need for the customary draftsmans right-angled triangle to trace a line perpendicular to a given direction. By inscribing around the circumference of the board a suitably: divided scale, the board and straight edge become: a protractor; of'unusual delicacy andaccuracy'because oi the large radius thus available for the arcuate scale. It is not. necessary that the boardflbe circular- By suitably spacing the links" 90, 90 a. board ofv any peripheral shape may beemployed'. It will be up" derst'ood that Fig; 6 is diagrammatical and drawn primarily to illustrate the invention;

the spirit and scope of the invention-as. described: and; pointed out in the appended claims.

For. use in theclaims hereinafter set. forth, applicant defines. the phrase operative member" to include both a. tool such as the diamond scrib-- ing pointBZ in Fig. 5, which effects a visible and tangibleresult on the thing to which it is applied and an element such as the straight edge 50 of 11 andllBU of Fig, 5 and 26B of Fig. 6, which prescribes or indicates a relation without effecting any physical modification. But the phrase operative member is: to be restricted to such things as marking. points, straight edges and the like andis notv to-be taken as including non-analogous members such as levers for example.

What is claimed is:

1.. devicefor controlling the motion of an op... erative. member and comprising a base, a supportv pivotally adjustable on the base, a two-dimen-- sionally extended rigid; primary link. mountedxto' be pivotable about an axis rigidly fixed with respect to the support and perpendicular to the direction of the axis of adjustment, a two-dimensionally' extended rigid secondary link mounted on the primary link tobe movable therewith and tobe rotatable with respect thereto about an axis rigidly fixed with respect to the secondary link. andparallel to the axis of the primary link on thesupport; and an. operative member on the seccndary' link tohave two degrees of freedom ,of motion, therewith but with each point of thememberconfined to aplane perpendicular tetheaxisof the primary link' on the support.

2'. A device for controlling. the motion: offastraight edge and. comprising; a base; a support pivotally acljustableon the base, a two dimension. ally extended rigid primary lin'k mounted-to be pivotable' about an axis rigidly fixed with respect to the support and perpendicular to the direction of the axis of adjustment. a two-dimensionally extended rigid secondary link mounted on the.

primary link to be; movable therewith and: tobe rotatable with respect thereto about an axis rigidly fixed with respect to thesecondary link and parallel: tothe; axis. or the primary: link on the support, and a straight edge on: they secondary= link. to have two degrees of freedom of motion; therewith but with every position of the: straight. edge parallel to. the axisof: the primary link on. the support.

ROBERT FLASH. 

